Cov khoom siv substation:
Lub sij hawm "substation equipment" yog hais txog ntau yam khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv tau teeb tsa ntawm substations raws txoj kab sib kis. Cov khoom siv no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm, kev saib xyuas, tswj, thiab kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Ntawm no yog ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntsig txog cov khoom siv substation hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kab sib kis:
1. Grounding Systems:
· Grounding Electrodes thiab hauv av Grids:
· Grounding systems kom muaj kev nyab xeeb dissipation ntawm txhaum tam sim no rau hauv av.
· Grounding electrodes, xws li cov pas nrig lossis daim phiaj, thiab cov kab sib txuas hauv av muab txoj hauv kev tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov dej tsis haum, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws xob poob siab thiab cov khoom puas.
2. Transformers:
· Fais fab Transformers:
· Fais fab transformers yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv lub chaw nres tsheb uas nce lossis nqis qis qis kom pab txhawb kev xa hluav taws xob zoo. Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob thiab muab qhov tsim nyog hloov pauv rau kev faib hluav taws xob.
3. Circuit Breakers:
· High-Voltage Circuit Breakers:
· High-voltage circuit breakers yog ua hauj lwm los cuam tshuam qhov ntws ntawm tam sim no thaum lub sij hawm ib txwm ua hauj lwm, txij nkawm, los yog thaum muaj ib tug txhaum.
Lawv muab ib txoj hauv kev cais cov seem ntawm cov hluav taws xob kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv.
4. Switchgear:
· Switchgear Assemblies:
· Switchgear suav nrog ntau yam khoom siv xws li keyboards, fuses, thiab circuit breakers sib sau ua ke rau hauv ib chav tsev. Nws yog siv los tswj, tiv thaiv, thiab cais cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv lub substation.
5. Busbars:
· Busbar Systems:
· Busbars yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis cov tshuab ua haujlwm uas ua rau muaj kev sib txuas rau ntau lub voj voog hauv lub substation. Lawv pab txhawb kev hloov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm ntau yam khoom, xws li transformers, circuit breakers, thiab switchgear.
6. Disconnect Switches:
· Isolating Switches:
· Disconnect keyboards, los yog cais cov keyboards, yog siv los txiav cov khoom siv lub cev los ntawm lub hwj chim qhov chaw rau tu los yog cais lub hom phiaj.
· Lawv muab cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tu.
7. Instrument Transformers:
· Tam sim no Transformers (CTs) thiab Voltage Transformers (VTs):
· Cov cuab yeej transformers yog siv los txo qis tam sim no thiab voltage theem rau kev ntsuas thiab tiv thaiv lub hom phiaj. CTs thiab VTs muab cov cim qhia tseeb rau kev tiv thaiv relays, ntsuas, thiab lwm yam khoom siv saib xyuas.
8. Tswj vaj huam sib luag:
· Kev Tiv Thaiv thiab Tswj Vaj Huam Sib Luag:
· Tswj vaj huam sib luag hauv tsev tiv thaiv relays, tswj circuits, thiab saib xyuas cov cuab yeej uas ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tswj hwm thiab saib xyuas lub chaw nres tsheb.
· Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv automation thiab tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm substation.
9. Lub txhab nyiaj Capacitor:
· Power Factor Kho:
· Cov tsev txhab nyiaj Capacitor raug teeb tsa los txhim kho lub zog ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog xa mus. Lawv yog siv rau kev kho lub hwj chim thiab kho lub zog reactive.
10. Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Reactive:
· Static Var Compensators (SVCs) thiab Static Compensators (STATCOMs):
· SVCs thiab STATCOMs yog cov khoom siv uas muab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rov ua haujlwm kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg voltage hauv lub substation. Lawv pab tswj cov qib voltage thiab txhim kho tag nrho kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob.
11. Surge Arresters:
· Kev Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws Xob thiab Hluav Taws Xob:
· Cov neeg tua hluav taws tiv thaiv cov khoom siv los ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tshwm sim los ntawm xob laim ntaus lossis hloov ua haujlwm. Lawv hloov lub zog ntau dhau mus rau hauv av, tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv rhiab heev.
12. Roj teeb Systems:
· DC roj teeb lub txhab nyiaj:
· DC roj teeb lub tsev txhab nyiaj muab lub zog thaub qab rau kev tswj hwm thiab kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb thaum muaj hluav taws xob poob. Lawv ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb xws li kev tiv thaiv relays thiab kev sib txuas lus.
13. Kev Saib Xyuas thiab Kev Sib Txuas Lus:
· SAS, SCADA Systems thiab Communication Networks:
· SCADA (Kev Saib Xyuas Kev Tswj Xyuas thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb Cov Ntaub Ntawv) & SAS (Substation Automation System) cov tshuab ua kom muaj kev saib xyuas cov chaw taws teeb thiab tswj cov khoom siv substation.
Kev sib txuas lus sib txuas pab txhawb cov ntaub ntawv sib pauv ntawm cov khoom siv, tso cai rau kev txiav txim siab tiag tiag thiab teb rau cov xwm txheej.
14. Kev tiv thaiv xob laim:
· Lightning Rods thiab Grounding Systems:
· Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv xob laim, suav nrog cov hlua hluav taws xob thiab hauv av, yog siv los txo cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm xob laim ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
· Cov tshuab no pab txoj kev xob laim rau hauv av.
15. Kev Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws Xob:
· Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob thiab Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob:
· Cov tshuab tiv thaiv hluav taws, suav nrog cov cuab yeej ntes thiab cov tshuab tua hluav taws, raug teeb tsa los tiv thaiv lub chaw nres tsheb tiv thaiv kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws.
· Kev tshawb nrhiav thaum ntxov thiab cov lus teb ceev ceev pab txo qhov peev xwm ntawm cov khoom puas tsuaj.
16. HVAC (Tsuas Cuab, Cua, thiab Cua Txias) Systems:
· Climate Control Systems:
· HVAC cov tshuab tswj xyuas qhov zoo ib puag ncig nyob rau hauv cov tsev substation, tiv thaiv overheating ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab ua kom ntseeg tau qhov kev ntseeg ntawm cov khoom rhiab heev.
17. Kev ruaj ntseg Systems:
· Access Control and Surveillance Systems: Kev ruaj ntseg, nrog rau kev tswj xyuas thiab kev soj ntsuam, yog siv los tiv thaiv cov chaw hauv substation los ntawm kev nkag mus tsis tau thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom siv.
18. Emergency Backup Systems:
· Emergency Generators:
· Cov txheej txheem thaub qab thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, xws li cov tshuab hluav taws xob, muab lub zog thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev, ua kom lub chaw nres tsheb tsis tu ncua thiab ua haujlwm tseem ceeb.
Kev xaiv thiab kev koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv substation yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim thiab kev tsim kho substation. Tsim thiab tswj cov cuab yeej tsim nyog ua rau muaj kev ntseeg siab, kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog xa hluav taws xob. Kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua, kev sim, thiab kev tiv thaiv kev saib xyuas yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntawm cov khoom siv substation