Rau cov tshuab fais fab, tus qauv AC Withstand (Hipot) feem ntau yog "Pass / Fail" binary. Txawm li cas los xij,Kev Ntsuas Ib Feem (PD).ua hauj lwm raws li "MRI ntawm daim phiaj fais fab"- muab qhov tsis yog - puas tsuaj, siab - kev daws teeb meem rau kev noj qab haus huv molecular ntawm transformer lub rwb thaiv tsev.
Raws li kev hloov pauv hnub nyoog thiab kab sib chaws ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dua, kev paub txog PD kev kuaj mob yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txav los ntawm kev kho reactive rauCov xwm txheej -Kev Kho raws li (CBM).
1. Lub Physics ntawm Insulation Decay: Vim li cas PD Matters
Kev tso tawm ib nrab yog ib qho hluav taws xob hauv cheeb tsam uas tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm ob lub conductors nyob rau hauv siab -voltage stress. Nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim transformers, PD feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv:
Gas Voids:Cov npuas hauv cov roj transformer.
Delamination:Huab cua qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntawv rwb thaiv tsev txheej.
Deg Contamination:Cov kev coj ua ntawm cov ntawv xovxwm lossis bushings.
Qhov txaus ntshai ntawm PD yog cumulative. Txhua qhov kev tshwm sim tso tawm ib qho me me ntawm lub zog, tsimUV hluav taws xob, ozone, thiab cua sov, uas zuj zus "erodes" cov khoom rwb thaiv tsev kom txog thaum muaj kev puas tsuaj loj tshwm sim
2. Kev Ntsuas Methodologies: IEC 60270 thiab Tshaj
A. Txoj Kev Galvanic (IEC 60270)
Kev lag luam kub tus qauv tseem yogKev siv hluav taws xob (Conventional).Kev txiav txim los ntawm IEC 60270.
Qhov Parameter:Kev ntsuasKev them nyiaj yug (qq)hauv picocoulombs (pC).
Kev teeb tsa:Siv lub coupling capacitor (CkCk) thiab ntsuas impedance (ZmZm) txuas nrog lub transformer bushings.
Qhov zoo:Nws yog quantifiable thiab tso cai rau kom meej calibration. Rau cov kws tsim khoom, kev tuav lub suab nrov tom qab qis dua 10-50 pC yog qhov kev sib tw tseem ceeb hauv thaj chaw ib puag ncig.
B. UHF (Ultra High Frequency) kuaj pom
Hauv siab -ib puag ncig suab nrov, lubUHF txoj kev (300 MHz - 1.5 GHz)yog superior. Vim hais tias cov hlau tank ntawm transformer ua raws li "Faraday Cage," nws thaiv sab nraud EMI (Electromagnetic Interference), tso cai rau UHF sensors ntxig los ntawm cov roj li qub kom ntes cov "ntshiab" sab hauv cov pa tawm.
C. Acoustic Emission (AE)
Acoustic sensors (Piezoelectric) feem ntau yog siv rauqhov chaw txhaum. Los ntawm kev xam lub sij hawm- ntawm - dav hlau sib txawv ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab cov neeg kho tshuab "thump" ntawm qhov tso tawm, engineers tuaj yeem triangulate 3D txoj hauj lwm ntawm qhov tsis xws luag hauv lub tank.
3. Kev Paub Txog Tus Qauv: Deciphering PRPD Daim Ntawv Qhia
Cov cuab yeej muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv kev kuaj mob engineer lub arsenal yogTheem -Kev daws qhov tso tawm ib nrab (PRPD)qauv. Los ntawm kev npaj cov mem tes loj thiab suav nrog 50/60 Hz sine yoj theem, peb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov "kos npe" ntawm qhov txhaum:
| Qauv Zoo | Hom Kev Ntsuas | Risk Level |
|---|---|---|
| Symmetrical "Bunny Ears" | Internal void tso tawm ( npuas / qhov khoob) | Siab- Kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib tsoo. |
| Asymmetrical "Brushes" ntawm Peaks | Point-rau- dav hlau Corona (ntse ntug ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib) | Nruab nrab- Ua rau roj aging. |
| Dispersed "Clouds" zero Hla Hla | Nto taug qab ntawm rwb thaiv tsev thaiv | Tseem ceeb- Yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam tam sim ntawd. |
4. Correlating PD nrog Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA)
Rau kev kuaj mob dav dav, PD cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tsis txhob sawv ib leeg. Nws yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam nrogDGA cov txiaj ntsig:
High H2H2 (Hydrogen) + Tsawg C2H2C2H2(Acetylene):Muaj zog qhia kom nquag plias ib nrab.
Trend Analysis:Yog tias pC qib ob ua ke nrog qhov nce hauv Hydrogen, lub rwb thaiv tsev yog nyob rau theem exponential decay.
5. Cov Kev Sib Tw Hauv Teb Chaws: Tshem Tawm "Dab" Cov Teeb Meem
Nyob rau theem nrab, tus engineer tus nqi yog nyob rau hauvNrov Mitigation. Cov tswv yim hauv teb uas muaj xws li:
Gating Techniques:Digitally ignoring signals uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm tshwj xeeb qhov rais (xws li, thyristor hloov).
Frequency Filtering:Hloov qhov ntsuas bandwidth kom tsis txhob muaj xov tooj cua hauv zos lossis cellular cuam tshuam.
Differential Balanced Circuits:Siv ob lub bushings zoo tib yam los tshem tawm cov - hom suab nrov.
Tsav ROI hla lub neej-Extension
Rau 100MVA transformer, qhov kev puas tsuaj loj tuaj yeem raug nqi ntau lab hauv kev poob qis thiab kev tu ib puag ncig.Kev kuaj qhov tso tawm ib nrabmuab cov txheej txheem foresight teem sijhawm kho "kev phais"- hloov ib lub bushing los yog rov- zawm ib cov hlau lead - tsis yog hloov tag nrho lub tsev.
NtawmHuayi,peb muab lub siab -rhiab heev PD detectors thiab resonant hwj chim qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau los ua lub chaw soj nstuam-qeb diagnostics nyob rau hauv lub hardest teb tej yam kev mob.